Digital Tax Service · Guidance

Changing from sole trader to a limited company

Last reviewed: Next review: Reviewed by the Digital Tax Service editorial team
Changing from sole trader to a limited company, in navy and gold

First: is it worth incorporating?

Incorporating adds admin and public filings, so it should be a decision, not a reflex. It’s usually driven by tax (a company can be more efficient once profits comfortably exceed what you draw), liability protection, or clients who want to engage a company. Run the numbers first.

Limited company vs sole trader — the comparison

The steps to incorporate

  1. Form the company — structure, shares and registrations done properly
  2. Transfer the business and assets to the company, usually at market value
  3. Handle goodwill and incorporation relief to defer any capital gain
  4. Register the company for Corporation Tax, and VAT/PAYE if needed
  5. Tell HMRC you’ve stopped being self-employed
  6. File a final Self Assessment for the sole trade, watching the overlap and basis-period rules

Our company formation service

Goodwill and incorporation relief

Transferring an established business often means transferring goodwill, which can trigger a Capital Gains Tax charge. Incorporation relief can defer that gain where the whole business is transferred as a going concern in exchange for shares in the company. The relief and the alternatives (and the restrictions on goodwill relief for the company) are genuinely technical — get advice before transferring anything, because the order of steps affects the tax.

VAT and the transfer

Because the company is a new legal entity, VAT doesn’t carry over automatically. You either register the company for VAT afresh or apply to transfer the existing VAT number (a VAT68) to keep continuity. Either can be right — it depends on your customers and cash flow.

Let us handle the switch

We incorporate the company, structure the transfer for the best tax outcome, deal with incorporation relief and the HMRC registrations, and file your final sole-trader return — so nothing falls between the two. Call 0114 327 1480.

The new-company checklist

Frequently asked questions

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